Yoga, derived from the Sanskrit word meaning “union, intertwining, connection, unity, harmony,” is a collection of practices aimed at developing a holistic individual. It embodies the harmony of three elements: physical, mental, and spiritual. Although the goal is singular, it can be achieved through various branches of yoga, including Kriya Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Laya Yoga, and Mantra Yoga.
There are limitations that make physical practices within the Hatha Yoga system (a branch focused on achieving physical perfection) impossible: high temperatures, acute illnesses, chronic flare-ups, and age restrictions (under 6 years old). Individuals over 60 should practice cautiously and gradually, women should avoid practices during menstruation and in the third month of pregnancy. After 3-4 months postpartum, one can return to practice.
Yoga is not a cure-all for every ailment, but it significantly benefits health, mental well-being, and, importantly, the coordinated functioning of all internal organs, which can aid in further treatment. The ancient Indian philosopher Patanjali described the eight limbs of the path to enlightenment, also known as the eightfold system of practice: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi. It is believed that by ascending these eight steps, a practitioner achieves complete self-control, meaning control over all physiological actions occurring in the body, as well as control over sensations. This leads to a harmonious interaction between body and mind. The first two steps, Yama and Niyama, represent Kriya Yoga; Asana and Pranayama represent Hatha Yoga; and Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi represent Raja Yoga. Kriya Yoga is considered of great importance, as it is challenging to achieve significant success in yoga practice without it.
The first step of Kriya Yoga is Yama. Kriya means action or work. Yama translates to destruction or renunciation, specifically the renunciation of negative internal traits. By adhering to the core principles of Yama, an individual shields themselves from negative impressions, harmful habits, and erroneous actions that can lead not only to physical and nervous system ailments but also to social behavior issues. At this stage, the practitioner must critically confront their own flaws and mistakes.
The second step, Niyama, translates to “restoration” or “acceptance.” Here, the practitioner restores and develops positive internal virtues, fostering a positive mindset and lifestyle. One of the key rules of Niyama is serving others and achieving harmony with the universe. The most important aspect is both internal and external purification. Internal purification frees the mind from immoral thoughts, negative character traits, and sensations, while also cultivating kindness and goodwill.
Yoga is the best ally in harmonizing the functioning of your body and mind. It will teach you to live in harmony with yourself. Just don’t be lazy and believe in yourself!