Peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum is a complex and common condition. It most frequently affects individuals aged 20 to 40, and is significantly less common among the elderly and children.
People from all walks of life suffer from ulcers. It’s not so much physical labor that contributes to this condition, but rather a consistent avoidance of work and physical activity. The most characteristic symptoms include chest pain, heartburn, constipation, and a notable periodicity and seasonality of flare-ups. Pain tends to intensify in the fall and early spring, lasting several days or even weeks, followed by a remission period without pain. If a patient disrupts their routine, diet, or indulges in alcohol and smoking, the disease can become chronic, with constant pain. Sometimes, the disease can be asymptomatic, known as a “silent ulcer.” The duodenum is more commonly affected than the stomach.
In modern understanding, peptic ulcer disease is seen as a systemic illness, manifesting various symptoms across different organs and systems.
What causes this condition? How can it be prevented, given that it brings immense suffering and often leads to dangerous complications?
Research by Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov has established that dysfunctions in higher nervous centers related to the psycho-emotional sphere contribute to the onset of many diseases, including ulcers.
According to prominent clinicians, the primary factors leading to ulcer formation are poor nutrition, oral diseases, and issues in the abdominal cavity. However, the most significant role belongs to the higher nervous centers and the endocrine system (the glands of internal secretion).
Diagnosis is extremely complex. A doctor can tentatively diagnose based on the patient’s complaints and physical examination (palpation), but a definitive conclusion can only be made after X-ray imaging. In this case, it is crucial not only to identify the ulcer but also to clarify its size, location, and any accompanying complications, which is vital for timely treatment.
In some cases, peptic ulcer disease can lead to complications—such as a perforated ulcer, which presents as sudden, unbearable abdominal pain. Bleeding and vomiting are also common. In these situations, it is essential to call for emergency assistance. While waiting for help, the patient should lie still and avoid any movements. Hospitalization for such patients is approached with great caution.
A serious complication is the malignant transformation of the ulcer, which is more common in the stomach and requires immediate surgical intervention. In some patients, adhesions form around the ulcer. While these do not disrupt function, they can sometimes hinder the evacuation of food from the stomach, necessitating surgery.
The goal of Soviet medicine is not only to treat but also to prevent diseases. This begins with rational and dietary nutrition, which is a crucial means of preventing and treating gastrointestinal diseases.
Even a healthy person, let alone someone who is ill, should eat at least 3-4 times a day. Long intervals between meals, eating on the go, and poor chewing can all lead to digestive disorders. However, overeating should also be avoided, as it can cause irreparable harm, especially to those engaged in intellectual work and the elderly.
Rational nutrition involves a balance of essential nutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins, and water. These should be consumed in specific proportions, depending on profession, age, lifestyle, climatic conditions, and health status.
Unfortunately, we often shy away from plant-based foods, yet raw vegetables are rich in fiber, mineral salts, trace elements, and vitamins that are vital for the body. Cabbage and carrots contain just as many beneficial substances as oranges. For patients, juices from raw vegetables—such as cabbage, beets, and carrots—are especially important.
The second key element of prevention is the proper organization of work, home life, and overall routine. Mental and sedentary work must be alternated with physical activity, as well as sports and walks. Sports and physical culture have gained significant traction in our country, promoting health and strengthening the body. It is essential to instill a love for physical culture and sports from childhood.
Hardening, individual exercise, water treatments, air baths, and walks all contribute to a longer life. Therefore, it is important to adhere to general cultural standards and personal hygiene, teaching children these values. Cleanliness, order, and greenery positively impact a person’s psyche. A good mood and positive emotions are powerful factors in strengthening health and prolonging life. It is crucial to avoid conflicts at home, work, and in public places. We must teach our youth to manage irritability without resorting to rudeness. Strive to diversify your life in your free time. On weekends, take trips to the countryside, listen to music, sing, and dance. Embrace work, be kind, and maintain a positive attitude—this way, you will stay healthy.