Archaeologists excavating in Stratonikeia—a vast ancient city that was once on UNESCO’s tentative World Heritage list—have uncovered a significant portion of a Roman-era library. This unique structure sheds light on the intellectual and architectural grandeur of that time.
Known as the city of gladiators, Stratonikeia, located in the Muğla province of southwestern Turkey, is one of the largest marble cities in the world. Since 1977, Stratonikeia has been the site of ongoing archaeological digs. The current work is being led by Professor Bilal Següta from Pamukkale University.
What Did the Archaeologists Report?
Situated at the intersection of four main streets in the city center, the library was built during the Hellenistic period and was remodeled during the time of the ancient Romans. Fourth-century mosaics indicate that the significance of this architectural gem persisted into late antiquity. According to inscriptions found on-site, the library was constructed by a master craftsman from Ephesus.
“We have been excavating this structure for five years. During this time, we have uncovered its key components, such as the main entrance, the southern portico, the central courtyard, the reading room, and adjacent rooms. The findings suggest that this was a library of considerable scale and importance,” noted Professor Següta.
In the early seventh century, a powerful earthquake struck the region, causing significant destruction in the city. However, the main part of the library has survived, as reported by Arkeonews.
The archaeological team has mapped the entire building and identified its structural evolution over the centuries. “Now we understand how this building changed through different eras, how it was restored after disasters, and how it continued to serve society,” said Professor Següta.
A Unique Architectural Project
What makes this discovery even more valuable is the architectural plan of the library. Researchers found that the layout of the library in Stratonikeia bears no resemblance to any other known library in Anatolia. This structure likely inspired the architects of a library built later in North Africa.
According to the project leader, the team’s goal is to reconstruct parts of the columns and structural elements of the gladiator city’s library so that visitors can experience its original grandeur. “This is not just a building—it is a testament to the enduring value of knowledge,” added Professor Següta.
With each layer excavated, Stratonikeia continues to reveal the complex social, architectural, and intellectual systems of ancient Anatolia. As restoration and conservation efforts progress, the recently uncovered city library is expected to become a hub for both academic research and cultural tourism.