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Yoga, from a Sanskrit word meaning “union, intertwining, connection, unity, harmony,” is a collection of practices aimed at developing a whole person. It embodies the harmony of three elements: physical, mental, and spiritual. Although the goal is singular, it can be pursued through various branches of yoga, including Kriya Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Laya Yoga, and Mantra Yoga.
Some conditions make Hatha Yoga’s physical practices unsafe or inappropriate: extreme heat, acute illness, flare-ups of chronic conditions, and age limits (children under 6). People over 60 should practice cautiously and progress slowly. Women should avoid practice during menstruation and in the third month of pregnancy. Resume practice 3–4 months after childbirth.
Yoga is not a cure-all, but it can improve physical health, mental well-being, and the coordinated function of internal organs, which can support other treatments. The ancient Indian philosopher Patanjali described the eight limbs of the path to enlightenment, also known as the eightfold system: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi. Many believe that progressing through these eight limbs leads to complete self-control—control over physiological functions and over sensations. That, in turn, creates a harmonious interaction between body and mind. The first two limbs, Yama and Niyama, correspond to Kriya Yoga; Asana and Pranayama correspond to Hatha Yoga; and Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi correspond to Raja Yoga. Kriya Yoga is considered especially important; many find it hard to make real progress in yoga without it.
The first step of Kriya Yoga is Yama. Kriya means action or work. Yama refers to moral restraints or renunciation—the letting go of harmful inner traits. By following Yama’s core principles, a person protects themselves from harmful impressions, bad habits, and damaging actions that can affect not only physical and nervous-system health but also social behavior. At this stage, the practitioner must face their own flaws and mistakes honestly.
The second step, Niyama, is often translated as observances or self-discipline. In this phase, the practitioner cultivates positive inner qualities and builds a healthier mindset and lifestyle. A key part of Niyama is serving others and seeking harmony with the universe. Central to it are both internal and external purification: internal purification clears the mind of immoral thoughts, negative character traits, and distracting sensations, while fostering kindness and goodwill.
Yoga is a powerful ally for harmonizing the functioning of the body and mind. It can teach you to live in balance with yourself. Practice consistently and trust yourself!
