Researchers have discovered that the cosmetics industry was thriving in China during the Tang Dynasty, which spanned from 618 to 907 AD.
According to a new study published in the journal Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, China was producing cosmetic products that resemble modern-day items. This includes blush and lipstick. Among the popular products were moisturizers made from animal fat and eyebrow dyes based on graphite powder. Cosmetics were primarily used by the wealthy.
During the study, archaeologists examined thousands of tombs in the capital of the Tang Dynasty—ancient Xi’an. The scientists found that, in those distant times, the local population not only developed cosmetic recipes but also “optimized” them.
For instance, a moisturizing product made from the fat of ruminant animals contained a small amount of cabbage seed oil. This made it easier to apply than just fat, especially during the cold and dry winters of northern China.
Archaeologists also found evidence of decorative cosmetics. They discovered organic residues of products made from oils, moths, and plant extracts in shells.
One of the skincare products found at the excavation site was likely made from a mixture of rosin and plant pigments.
“A piece of graphite ore was used as eyebrow makeup, while a mixture of cinnabar and animal glue served as lipstick or blush,” the researchers explained.
They also noted that some cosmetic products might have contained mercury, which was extremely dangerous, as reported by the Independent.
“The study’s findings indicate that during the Tang Dynasty in China, cosmetics were diverse and made from a wide range of raw materials, including plants, animals, and minerals,” the archaeologists concluded.