The ancient Roman city of Pompeii, preserved under volcanic lava, continues to astonish archaeologists with new discoveries that provide a captivating glimpse into the lives of its inhabitants. Recently, researchers uncovered a tiny, cramped room containing two beds and just one mattress, serving as a vivid example of how slaves lived in Ancient Rome.
How Did Slaves Live in Pompeii?
This find was made in a wealthy suburb of Pompeii, located about 600 meters from the city’s northern walls, which were destroyed nearly 2,000 years ago. Archaeologists have noted an intriguing detail: they found no evidence of grates, locks, or chains to restrain the room’s occupants. This led researchers to believe that control over slaves was primarily maintained through the internal organization of slavery rather than through physical barriers and restrictions.
In addition to the two beds, the room also contained two small wardrobes and several urns and ceramic containers, which held the remains of two mice and a rat. These details further underscore the instability and poor hygiene conditions in which the lower classes lived at that time.
Excavations at the Villa of Civita Giuliana in Pompeii
As reported by the Daily Mail, excavations at the site of the Villa of Civita Giuliana began back in 2017. Several relics have been discovered, including a ceremonial chariot and a stable with the remains of three harnessed horses. Three years ago, the remains of two men were also found—one a wealthy gentleman and the other likely his slave.
Experts note that the first man was between 30 and 40 years old, had a more robust bone structure, and was dressed in a tunic. The other man was aged 18 to 23 and had several compressed vertebrae, leading archaeologists to suggest he was a laborer or a slave. It is believed they may have been seeking shelter from the eruption when they were caught.
The announcement of the latest discovery of a room inside the ancient house was made over the weekend. Experts stated that the furniture and fabric had decayed over the years following the eruption, leaving voids in the debris. Archaeologists used plaster to create casts that reveal the original shapes and contours of long-lost materials, including the outline of a crumpled blanket left on the bed frame.
An Archaeological Treasure Trove of Ancient Roman Life
The first excavations at the Villa of Civita Giuliana were conducted between 1907 and 1908. However, work resumed in 2017 after authorities realized that the site was being looted by “tomb raiders.” This led to the destruction of part of one of the beds in the recently discovered room due to a tunnel used by the thieves to access another part of the villa.
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D. buried Pompeii and its surroundings under a thick layer of ash. This layer effectively preserved the inhabitants in time, leaving a rich source for archaeological study.
Archaeologists are continually uncovering new sites in the ash-covered Pompeii. For instance, in May, an entire alley of grand houses with balconies was discovered, remaining largely untouched and still displaying their original colors.
According to Italy’s Minister of Culture, following the latest discovery, efforts to preserve and study the site will continue. He also added that the opportunity to learn about the material conditions and social hierarchy of that era opens new horizons for historical and archaeological research.