A team of researchers from Central South University in Changsha, Hunan, China, believes that residents of greener areas have a lower risk of developing osteoporosis.
This condition makes bones brittle and increases the likelihood of fractures, particularly affecting older adults.
According to the researchers, osteoporosis is a complex disease influenced by both genetic factors and environmental conditions. Cleaner air in green neighborhoods reduces the risk of developing osteoporosis, the scientists stated.
How the Study Was Conducted
Through a large cohort study, the team discovered that living in greener areas is associated with higher bone density and a reduced risk of osteoporosis.
To reach this conclusion, the researchers analyzed health data from approximately 400,000 individuals from the UK Biobank, collected over a span of 12 years. The average age of the study participants was 56 years.
The researchers were particularly interested in how greenery impacts health, especially whether there is a connection between surrounding vegetation and the strength of human bones, specifically bone mineral density and the risk of developing osteoporosis.
The impact of greenery on human health was measured using a popular tool known as the normalized difference vegetation index. This index utilizes satellite imagery to show the amount of vegetation in residential areas.
The researchers also considered the genetic risk factors of the study participants, as reported by the Independent.
What the Scientists Discovered
During the observation period, osteoporosis was diagnosed in 9,307 individuals. Statistical analysis revealed that people living in greener areas had stronger bones and a lower likelihood of developing osteoporosis.
“The results of this study provide the first evidence that greening residential areas is associated with higher bone mineral density and a reduced risk of developing osteoporosis,” the team reported.
The scientists also noted that the connection between green environments and osteoporosis is indirectly related to air pollution levels. This finding aligns with previous research indicating that air pollution can weaken bones in individuals with vitamin D deficiency, hormonal imbalances, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Additionally, the team pointed out that residents of green areas have more opportunities for physical activity, which can further reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.
The authors of the study also stated that the impact of greenery on osteoporosis was more pronounced in individuals with low genetic risk.
Sara Leyland, a clinical consultant at the Royal Osteoporosis Society (ROS) in the UK, commented on the findings of her Chinese colleagues. “ROS welcomes research that explores the potential link between our environment and the risks of osteoporosis and fractures,” she said. Given the aging global population, these health issues are becoming increasingly relevant. “Access to open spaces to support activity and exercise will undoubtedly help maintain strong bones throughout our lives,” she added.
The study’s results were published in the journal Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases.